HIDDEN ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL MARKETS IN THE FERGANA VALLEY (1930–1960)
This article analyzes the hidden activities of local markets in the Fergana Valley during 1930–1960 and their socio-economic
determinants. The research is based on archival materials, normative-legal documents, and a comparative historical approach. The
findings demonstrate the emergence of clandestine trade channels, informal price-setting mechanisms, and intermediary practices.
The scientific contribution lies in reinterpreting the market as an institution
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