OPTIMIZATION OF IN VITRO SEED STERILIZATION PROTOCOL OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) FOR HEALTHY SEEDLINGS
This study aimed to optimize in vitro sterilization protocols for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds to establish a reliable
foundation for genetic transformation and regeneration research. We evaluated the efficacy of three chemical sterilant 70% ethanol,
15% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with Tween-20, and 0.1% silver nitrate (AgNO₃) at varying exposure times. Our results indicate
that a 2-minute treatment with 0.1% AgNO₃ yielded the highest germination rate (90.6%), demonstrating its superiority for this
application. This optimized protocol using silver nitrate offers a robust and efficient method for producing healthy, contamination-
free seedlings, addressing a critical bottleneck in sunflower biotechnology, particularly in regions like Uzbekistan where enhancing
crop resilience is a priority.
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