THE HISTORY OF MINING IN TURAN: AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED WRITTEN SOURCES (FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 8TH CENTURY CE)
This article analyzes the role of the Turan region in antiquity within the systems of mining, raw material production, and trade, based on
written sources. Since ancient times, the territory of Turan has held significant historical importance as a major center of raw materials and
production, rich in precious stones and metals. Furthermore, the role of this region in mining and trade systems is examined through various
written sources, including cuneiform documents, Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, as well as ancient Greek and Roman sources. References in
these sources to lapis lazuli, gold, silver, tin, and other raw materials indicate that the region possessed an export-oriented economic system
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