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Preparatory group, load, sports training, preparation stages, intensity, monitoring

Authors

This article analyzes the issues of scientifically planning training loads and increasing their effectiveness in the physical preparation process for handball players in preparatory groups. During the study, a gradual approach was applied to athletes based on the volume and intensity of the load, and their functional state was assessed using criteria such as heart rate, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max), and running distance. The obtained results showed that individually regulating loads during training plays an important role in improving the physical condition of athletes. The article also develops practical recomme