SELECTIVITY, STABILITY, AND ANALYTICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUORAN INDICATORS IMMOBILIZED IN TEOS/APTES-BASED SOL - GEL MATRICES
In this study, fluorone reagents were immobilized in TEOS/APTES-based sol–gel silica matrices and their application as sorption–
luminescent sensors was analyzed. The advantages and limitations of physical adsorption, ionic fixation, covalent binding, and
immobilization methods were compared. The structure of sol–gel matrices and the interactions of their functional groups with
indicator molecules were examined. By encapsulating fluorone indicators, their selectivity, physicochemical properties, and
analytical signal stability were evaluated. The effects of pH, ionic strength, and interference factors on the detection of Al³⁺ and
Zn²⁺ ions were investigated, as well as selectivity issues for antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones). The results
demonstrate that the TEOS/APTES system provides high flexibility but requires strict optimization, and it is shown to be a
promising material for the development of optical sensors
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