NATIONAL SPIRIT, REALITY AND THEIR EQUIVALENCE - ISSUES OF COMPENSATION IN LITERARY TRANSLATION

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the translation of realia culture-specific items that reflect the historical, ethnic,
every day, and spiritual-cultural life of a particular people and that lack direct equivalents in other languages-in the process of
translating literary works into German. The study examines the linguocultural nature of realia, their semantic, stylistic, and
pragmatic functions within literary texts, as well as the challenges associated with reproducing these functions in translation.