Ijtimoiy-gumanitar fanlar

TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

equivalence, adequacy, semantic correspondence, pragmatic conformity, translation strategies, context, discourse.

Authors

This article explores the concept of equivalence as a fundamental category of translation theory. The study examines linguistic and
pragmatic aspects of equivalence, the complexities arising during the translation process, and scientifically grounded strategies for
overcoming them. The research analyzes various levels of equivalence-formal, semantic, pragmatic, and functional-and identifies
key factors that hinder achieving equivalence: lexical gaps, cultural realities, polysemy, grammatical disparities, and pragmatic
differences. The article proposes practical solutions including contextual analysis, transposition, modulation, descriptive
translation, compensation, and adaptation. The findings emphasize that equivalence is dynamic rather than static, depending on the
translator's linguistic competence, intercultural awareness, and ability to analyze context deeply.