ENZYMATIC MODIFICATION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OBTAINED FROM ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM L. SEEDS AND ITS GC-MS ANALYSIS
Plant-derived essential oils are an important source of bioactive compounds and are widely used in pharmaceuticals and
biotechnology. This study investigates the effect of enzymatic (cellulase) and biological (Aspergillus terreus) pretreatment on the
chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil obtained from Achillea millefolium L. seeds. Essential oils were
extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC–MS. The results showed that the yield of essential oil did not change
significantly; however, notable alterations in its chemical composition were observed. In particular, an increase in chamazulene
and levomenol content was detected. Enzyme-treated samples exhibited higher antioxidant activity, characterized by lower IC₅₀
values. In addition, these samples demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity. The findings confirm that enzymatic pretreatment
enhances the biological properties of essential oils. This approach is promising for the production of natural products with high
bioactivity.
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