INSON BORLIG‘INING OBYEKT VA SUBYEKT BIRLIGI SIFATIDAGI ONTOLOGIK TAHLILI

The article addresses the problem of the philosophical-methodological analysis of human existence: whether the human being should be interpreted as an object (result) subordinated to the order of being, or as a subject (condition) that freely creates its own existence. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that a one-sided approach to the human — understanding it either merely as a product of nature and society or merely as pure freedom — is insufficient both in contemporary philosophical anthropology and in the practical spheres connected with human beings. The study relies on the dialectical method, on the unity of ontological and gnoseological analysis, and on the principle of complementarity; classical and non-classical doctrines (Kant, Hegel, Marx, Dilthey, Heidegger, Sartre, Fromm) are analysed comparatively and conceptually. As a result, human existence is substantiated as the dialectical unity of object and subject, result and condition, in which freedom does not oppose conditionedness but is realised through its conscious appropriation. The author's scholarly contribution consists in substantiating a holistic ontological model of the human as the unity of object and subject and in revealing its gnoseological correlate — the complementarity of explanation and understanding. The practical significance lies in the possibility of applying this model to coordinate the human sciences and to ground a humanistic attitude toward the human being in education and social policy.