THE GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN INTERPRETATION IN FITRAT'S LITERARY HERITAGE

This article examines the gradual development of the interpretation of the West in the literary and journalistic heritage of Abdurauf
Fitrat. The study is based on a comparative analysis of Munozara, Hind Sayyohi Bayonoti, Chin Sevish, Hind Ixtilolchilari, and
Sharq Siyosati. Historical-comparative, comparative-typological, and literary text analysis methods were employed, while the
findings were interpreted through Yuri Lotman’s theory of the semiosphere and Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of dialogism. The
results demonstrate that Fitrat’s interpretation of the West evolved from an educational ideal to a criterion of social development,
an object of critical evaluation, a political factor in the struggle for national liberation, and finally a category of international
political thought. The novelty of the study lies in interpreting this evolution as a unified artistic and intellectual process for the first
time