TARIXIY TOPONIMLAR: ARAB TILI TA’SIRIDA SHAKLLANGAN ISPAN VA O‘ZBEK GEONOMIK MODELI

It is well known that the Arab conquests beginning in the 8th century had a significant impact on the linguistic systems and toponymy of both the Iberian Peninsula and the region of Mawarannahr (Central Asia). Numerous terms from the Arabic lexical layer entered not only the general vocabulary but also the system of geographical names – toponyms. This article analyzes the etymology, phonetic adaptation, and historical foundations of Arabic toponyms found in the Spanish and Uzbek languages, within linguistic and cultural contexts. For example, the Spanish toponyms Guadalupe, Almería, Alhambra, and Guadalajara, along with the Uzbek toponyms Rabot, Balandrabot, and Qo‘shrabot, are studied in detail. Despite the geographical distance, these toponyms share common semantic roots and clearly demonstrate the influence of Arabic in both language systems. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of historical-linguistic ties between Arabic, Spanish, and Uzbek cultures and provides a valuable scientific foundation for exploring translinguistic phenomena and cultural heritage.