REMOVAL OF PB²⁺ IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING FE₃O₄-BASED ADSORBENT: SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND ISOTHERM ANALYSIS
In this study, a magnetite-based adsorbent was synthesized and its adsorption properties were comprehensively investigated for the
purpose of effectively removing Pb²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions. FTIR analysis was performed to identify structural and surface
functional groups. The results confirmed the preservation of the Fe 3 O 4 core and the presence of functional groups such as –OH, –
NH, C=O, and C–O on the adsorbent surface, indicating the formation of active sites for interaction with heavy metal ions. The
adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions was monitored using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The regular decrease in absorbance intensity over time
indicated a decrease in the concentration of lead ions in the solution and the effective progress of the adsorption process. Isotherm
O‘ZBEKISTON MILLIY
UNIVERSITETI
XABARLARI, 2026, [1]
ISSN 2181-7324
KIMYO
http://journals.nuu.uz
Natural sciences
O‘zMU xabarlari Вестник НУУз ACTA NUUz KIMYO 1 2026
- 438 -
analyses were performed based on the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. The results showed that the
adsorption process mainly reflects a monolayer coverage mechanism along with the partially heterogeneous nature of the surface.
Energetic analysis confirmed the important role of ion-surface interaction.
The results obtained indicate that the magnetite-based adsorbent is a promising material for effectively removing Pb²⁺ ions from
the aqueous environment.
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