MICROBIAL BIOSYNTHESIS OF L-METHIONINE: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES FROM METABOLIC ENGINEERING TO INDUSTRIAL SCALE
This article discusses the microbial synthesis of L-methionine, including its biosynthetic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, production challenges, and modern engineering solutions to overcome these barriers. Particular emphasis is placed on genetic modifications in model organisms such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli, resistance to methionine analogs, and the implementation of systems metabolic engineering. Strategies for improving fermentation efficiency through the regulation of homoserine flow, detoxification of intermediate metabolites, and optimization of methionine transport systems are also examined.
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