BAQTRIYA LAZURITINING QADIMGI XARAPPA VA MESOPOTAMIYA SHAHARLARIGA TARQALISHI BO‘YICHA YOZMA VA ARXEOLOGIK MANBALAR
This article examines the ancient lapis lazuli deposits located in Bactria (Badakhshan) and the distribution of this valuable mineral to major centers of Ancient Eastern civilizations such as Harappa and Mesopotamia, based on written and archaeological sources. The study demonstrates that since the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age, lapis lazuli held significant religious, artistic, and social value, and that its main trade routes were formed through key sites such as Shahr-i Sokhta and Tepe Hissar in the territory of Iran. The research also analyzes the competition between Bactria and the Harappan culture for control over lapis lazuli mines, as well as the practice of lapis processing in Mesopotamian cities, where the mineral symbolized royal power and prestige. The article emphasizes the role of lapis lazuli trade as an important factor in understanding the cultural interactions, economic relations, and political dynamics among the civilizations of the Ancient East.
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