EKOLOGIK TA’LIM-TARBIYANING METODOLOGIK ASOSLARI: ZAMONAVIY PARADIGMALAR VA KONSEPTUAL YONDASHUVLAR
This article analyses the methodological foundations of environmental education from the perspective of contemporary scientific approaches. The escalation of global environmental challenges and the integration of sustainable development goals into educational systems make it necessary to reconsider the theoretical underpinnings of environmental teaching. Drawing on multiple theoretical frameworks, this research unpacks the substance of ecological, systemic, competency-based, axiological, and sustainable development paradigms, and sheds light on the mutual relationships among integrative, activity-based, student-centered, and cross-disciplinary pedagogical approaches. Comparative-historical, systemic, and paradigmatic analysis methods were employed. The findings demonstrate that integrating modern paradigms and approaches effectively supports the formation of students' ecological competence and enriches the content of biology education.
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