АРИЙСКАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКЕ: УРАЛО-СТЕПНОЙ ОЧАГ И ПУТИ ИНДОИРАНСКИХ ТРАДИЦИЙ (СИНТАШТА–АРКАИМ И БМАК)
This article examines the debated issue of localizing the early Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan homeland and the routes through which related religious and material traditions spread during the second millennium BCE. The focus is placed on the Sintashta–Arkaim complex of the Southern Urals and its interpretation as a possible core area of early Indo-Iranians (horse breeding, chariots, fortified settlements, and burial practices), as well as on the interaction between steppe groups and the oasis civilizations of the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC). The study demonstrates that archaeological evidence allows for multiple explanatory models—migration, cultural diffusion, and integration—while emphasizing that a direct identification of “archaeological culture” with “ethnos” requires methodological caution.
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