SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE OPTATIVE CATEGORY IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH (BASED ON THE SHORT STORIES OF O. HENRY AND A. QAHHOR)
This article presents a comparative analysis of the expression of the optative category in Uzbek and English. The relevance of the study is explained by the central role of modality in linguistics and its practical applications. As research material, the short stories of O. Henry and A. Qahhor were selected, and the linguistic units within them were examined from both semantic and pragmatic perspectives. Using a comparative-analytical methodology, the study identified both similarities and differences between the two languages. Specifically, in Uzbek, optativity is expressed mainly through morphological markers and special lexical means, whereas in English it is realized primarily by means of modal verbs and syntactic constructions. The scientific significance of the research lies in enriching linguistic theory with new insights into the category of optativity, while its practical value consists in providing opportunities for the effective application of comparative grammatical analysis in foreign language teaching
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